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101.
Ensuring a fleet of green aircraft is a basic step in mitigating aviation pollution issues that are expected to be worsen in the coming years due to rapid air traffic growth. This study proposed a novel methodology in green fleet planning in which both profit and green performance of airline are considered simultaneously and explicitly. To do this, a Green Fleet Index (GFI) is derived as an indicator to quantify the green performance of airline’s fleet. It measures the degree of airline compliance with a standard requirement in terms of emission, noise, and fuel consumption. A bi-objective dynamic programming model is then formulated to find optimal aircraft acquisition (lease or purchase) decision by minimizing GFI and maximizing profit. Several interesting results are obtained: (1) considering environmental issue as secondary objective yields a greener fleet; (2) airline’s profit is affected, but could be recovered from environmental cost savings; (3) increasing load factor is an effective operational improvement strategy to enhance airline’s green performance and raise profit level. It is anticipated that the framework developed in this study could assist airlines to make a smart decision when considering the need to be green. 相似文献
102.
文中简要分析了泉金客运航线的通航现状及各类对台直航船舶的监管特点,介绍了海事部门在对台直航船舶监督管理方面积累的成功做法和宝贵经验,形成对直航船舶监督管理的初步探讨意见和相关建议,供相关海事机构决策参考。 相似文献
103.
为充分发挥一款双电机耦合驱动系统电动汽车(DMCP-EV)多驱动模式的节能优势,制定了基于系统效率最优的驱动模式控制策略。根据该双电机耦合驱动系统的结构特点,定义了电机4种驱动模式并分别建立其动力学驱动模型和系统效率模型。在满足动力性要求的前提下,分析并划分了各驱动模式的工作范围,以系统效率为优化目标,采用粒子群优化算法进行优化,获得最佳的驱动模式切换控制和转矩分配策略。开展了Matlab/Simulink仿真和硬件在环试验验证。结果表明,经系统效率优化的驱动模式在满足动力性要求的前提下,有效提高了双电机耦合驱动系统的经济性,能耗降低11%。 相似文献
104.
This paper presents a railroad energy efficiency model used to estimate the fuel economies for classes of trains transporting various commodities. Comparable procedures are used to estimate truck and waterway fuel consumption. The results show that coal unit trains are 4.5–5.0 times more energy efficient than movements in the largest trucks allowed in the eastern and western regions of the US, unit grain train movements in the central US are 4.6 times more fuel efficient, soda ash unit train and non-unit train shipments are 4.9 and 3.2 times more efficient, and ethanol unit train and non-unit train movements are 4.8 and 3.0 times more efficient. In terms of barge traffic, coal unit train and non-unit train are 1.3 and 0.9 times as energy efficient in the eastern US, grain unit train and non-unit train movements are 1.7 and 1.0 times more efficient from Minneapolis to the Gulf of Mexico, and grain unit train and non-unit train movements are 1.0 and 0.7 times more fuel efficient from the Upper Ohio River to the Gulf of Mexico. 相似文献
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Modelling navigation in muddy areas through captive model tests 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Guillaume Delefortrie Marc Vantorre Katrien Eloot 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》2005,10(4):188-202
Many access channels and harbours suffer from sedimentation and formation of mud layers. To keep navigation safe and economic,
extensive maintenance dredging is needed. Until now, the required level of dredging has always been determined by making use
of the physical characteristics of the mud layer, which does not necessarily result in efficient dredging. Ship behaviour
also matters, and knowledge of ship manoeuvrability can help to redefine the level of dredging required. A mathematical model
of manoeuvring for simulation purposes, based on a comprehensive series of captive model tests, is presented, along with a
selection of results. 相似文献
108.
本文通过对几个船舶过桥事故的案例分析,探讨了跨江、跨海桥梁设施对船舶通航安全的影响,提出了船舶在桥区安全航行的对策,以避免船舶过桥安全事故的发生。 相似文献
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